腦橋核深部腦刺激治療帕金森病:外科解剖學(xué)和術(shù)語(Pedunculopontine Nucleus Region Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson Disease: Surgical Anatomy and Terminology)
英文摘要:
Several lines of evidence over the last few years have been important in ascertaining that the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) region could be considered as a potential target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat freezing and other problems as part of a spectrum of gait disorders in Parkinson disease and other akinetic movement disorders. Since the introduction of PPN DBS, a variety of clinical studies have been published. Most indicate improvements in freezing and falls in patients who are severely affected by these problems. The results across patients, however, have been variable, perhaps reflecting patient selection, heterogeneity in target selection and differences in surgical methodology and stimulation settings. Here we outline both the accumulated knowledge and the domains of uncertainty in surgical anatomy and terminology. Specific topics were assigned to groups of experts, and this work was accumulated and reviewed by the executive committee of the working group. Areas of disagreement were discussed and modified accordingly until a consensus could be reached. We demonstrate that both the anatomy and the functional role of the PPN region need further study. The borders of the PPN and of adjacent nuclei differ when different brainstem atlases and atlas slices are compared. It is difficult to delineate precisely the PPN pars dissipata from the nucleus cuneiformis, as these structures partially overlap. This lack of clarity contributes to the difficulty in targeting and determining the exact localization of the electrodes implanted in patients with akinetic gait disorders. Future clinical studies need to consider these issues.
中文摘要:
了多方面的證據(jù)在過去的幾年里一直在確定重要腦橋核(PPN)地區(qū)可能被視為一個(gè)潛在的目標(biāo)腦深部電刺激(DBS)治療凍結(jié)和其他問題的一部分的步態(tài)障礙的帕金森病及其他運(yùn)動不能的運(yùn)動障礙。自從PPN DBS問世以來,各種臨床研究相繼發(fā)表。大多數(shù)表明,嚴(yán)重受這些問題影響的患者在凍結(jié)和跌倒方面有所好轉(zhuǎn)。然而,不同患者的結(jié)果各不相同,這可能反映了患者選擇、目標(biāo)選擇的異質(zhì)性以及手術(shù)方法和刺激設(shè)置的差異。在這里,我們概述了積累的知識和外科解剖學(xué)和術(shù)語的不確定性領(lǐng)域。具體的專題分配給專家小組,工作組的執(zhí)行委員會對這些工作進(jìn)行了積累和審查。在達(dá)成協(xié)商一致意見之前,對有異議的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了討論和相應(yīng)的修改。我們證明,無論是解剖和功能作用的PPN地區(qū)需要進(jìn)一步研究。比較不同腦干地圖集和地圖集切片時(shí),PPN和鄰近核的邊界不同。由于這些結(jié)構(gòu)部分重疊,很難準(zhǔn)確地描繪出PPN部與楔形核的分離。這種清晰度的缺乏導(dǎo)致了在步態(tài)不穩(wěn)患者中很難定位和確定植入電較的準(zhǔn)確位置。未來的臨床研究需要考慮這些問題。

步態(tài)障礙是運(yùn)動障礙患者殘疾的主要來源。它們的解剖學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和病理生理學(xué)知之甚少,有必要進(jìn)一步研究外科手術(shù)在這一領(lǐng)域的作用。獨(dú)自的研究小組已經(jīng)概述了橋腳核(PPN)區(qū)域與運(yùn)動障礙的可能相關(guān)性,他們證明了晚期運(yùn)動障礙患者存在退行性變化,如帕金森病(PD)、進(jìn)行性核上性麻痹和多系統(tǒng)萎縮。較近的數(shù)據(jù)表明,由于PPN神經(jīng)元的退化導(dǎo)致膽堿能去神經(jīng)化可能是多巴胺無反應(yīng)步態(tài)和平衡障礙的基礎(chǔ)。
過去幾年的幾條證據(jù)對于確定PPN區(qū)域可被視為深度腦刺激(DBS)的潛在目標(biāo)重要,以治療冷凍和其他問題,作為PD步態(tài)障礙的一部分。1986年,Mitchell等人[8]顯示,在MPTP(1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫丙氨酸)注射后,靈長類動物的PPN區(qū)域的突觸活性增加,2-脫氧糖吸收增加。PPN接收GABAergic投影從中皮,因此,它已被假定PPN活動減少在帕金森大腦。然而,這一概念已經(jīng)受到已知的病理生理學(xué)的挑戰(zhàn),即在PD中興奮和過度活躍的亞耳鼻核(STN)也投射到PPN。后一種途徑可能解釋PPN神經(jīng)元在具有底性尼格拉的單方面病變的大鼠中投射到STN的多動癥。在正常靈長類動物中,高頻刺激、射頻和興奮性PPN病變誘發(fā)阿基內(nèi)病。然而,在MPTP治療的帕金森靈長類動物中,低頻刺激(25赫茲)和GABA拮抗劑雙管林的顯微注射到PPN逆轉(zhuǎn)型阿基內(nèi)西亞。記錄中延遲聽覺引起PD患者P50潛力的結(jié)論,PPN在PD中過度活躍,并且雙側(cè)姑息治療使PPN輸出正?;?。
該論文主要研究者之一Joachim K. Krauss教授是INC國際神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生集團(tuán)主辦的國際神經(jīng)外科顧問團(tuán)(WANG)成員、國際功能性神經(jīng)外科專家,主要的臨床研究集中在復(fù)雜的脊柱神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)、功能性神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)(帕金森病、癲癇)和顱底手術(shù)上,提出了脊柱治療上的幾個(gè)新的治療概念。Joachim K. Krauss教授的擅長包括神經(jīng)腫瘤學(xué)、小兒神經(jīng)外科、血管神經(jīng)外科、顱底神經(jīng)外科、脊柱外科、脊柱外科、重建立體定向與功能神經(jīng)外科、創(chuàng)傷神經(jīng)外科、疼痛神經(jīng)外科、腦積水外科等,涵蓋面較為廣泛,是神經(jīng)外科領(lǐng)域的全能型專家。與此同時(shí),Joachim K. Krauss教授在漢諾威醫(yī)學(xué)院(MHH)中的醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)由高度化的專家組成,并在神經(jīng)外科治療中合適使用計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI),從而合適將患者的治療提高到平均值以上。
- 文章標(biāo)題:腦橋核深部腦刺激治療帕金森病:外科解剖學(xué)和術(shù)語
- 更新時(shí)間:2025-02-07 10:04:23